NEWS
Industrial lubricants are widely used, and there are many types of base oils, such as pure mineral oil and Pao polymer ɑ Dilute hydrocarbon synthetic oil, polyether synthetic oil, alkylbenzene oil, biodegradable lipid oil. When they become a kind of industrial lubricant, they cannot be mixed with each other. For example, when polyether synthetic oil is mixed with other industrial oils, its performance will decline significantly. Industrial lubricants have different additives in different applications. The hydraulic oil for outdoor use shall be suitable for local temperature change, and the hydraulic oil under indoor closed environment shall not be used. In addition, the service conditions of heavy-duty gear oil and forming oil are also different. Heavy-duty gear oil contains extreme pressure additives to ensure that it can be used in harsh environments. Forming oil is usually pure mineral oil without additives.
1. Product classification of industrial lubricants
Industrial lubricants mainly include hydraulic oil, gear oil, turbine oil, compressor oil, refrigeration oil, transformer oil, vacuum pump oil, bearing oil, metal processing oil (liquid), rust proof grease, cylinder oil, heat treatment oil and heat transfer oil. In addition, there are lubricating greases with lubricating oil as base oil and thickener added.
The users of industrial lubricants are enterprises from all walks of life. Generally, they use many varieties and large quantities, which not only depend on the price of products, but also on the quality and technical characteristics of products, but also on the quality of technical services.
2. Selection principle of industrial lubricating oil
The basic performance and main selection principle of industrial lubricating oil is viscosity.
1. under the working conditions of medium speed, medium load and low temperature, medium viscosity lubricating oil shall be selected;
2. under the conditions of high load, low speed and high temperature, select high viscosity lubricating oil or lubricating oil added with extreme pressure antiwear agent;
3. select low viscosity lubricating oil under low load, high speed and low temperature conditions;
4. under the conditions of wide high and low temperature range, light load, high speed and other special requirements, synthetic lubricating oil shall be selected.
3. Selection principle of industrial grease
The basic performance and main selection principle of lubricating grease is cone penetration, which is used to divide the consistency grade of lubricating grease.
Cone penetration is a commonly used index to control the working consistency of various greases, which is used to indicate the performance of lubricating grease entering the friction point and the hardness and softness of lubricating grease.
1. when the bearing using grease bears heavy load and low speed, the grease with small cone penetration should be selected.
2. on the contrary, when the load is small and the speed is high, the grease with large cone penetration shall be selected.
3. synthetic grease shall be selected in case of wide high and low temperature range, light load, high speed, low temperature and other special requirements.
Principle of selecting lubricating oil according to mechanical working conditions
load
If the load is large, the lubricating oil with high viscosity or good oiliness and extreme pressure shall be selected. On the contrary, if the load is small, the lubricating oil with low viscosity shall be selected. Intermittent or high impact mechanical movement is easy to damage the oil film, so the lubricating oil with high viscosity or good extreme pressure shall be selected, or the lubricating grease with small penetration (hard) made of this lubricating oil.
speed
High viscosity, it is necessary to select lubricating oil with low viscosity or lubricating grease made of lubricating oil with low viscosity; Otherwise, use lubricating oil with higher viscosity or lubricating grease made of lubricating oil with higher viscosity. For grease selection of high-speed rolling bearings, in order to supplement the mechanical stability and channelization of all greases and overcome the effect of centrifugal force, it is best to select No. 3 grease with greater consistency; For general bearings with low speed, in order to reduce the torque of the bearing, especially the starting torque, the grease with low consistency shall be selected as far as possible.
temperature
Under high temperature, lubricating oil with high viscosity, high flash point, good oiliness and oxidation stability or lubricating grease with high drop point made of base oil and thickener with good thermal stability (lithium soap, loaded calcium soap, loaded aluminum soap, etc.) shall be selected. Under low temperature conditions, the lubricating oil with low viscosity and low freezing point or the lubricating grease with good low temperature performance made of this oil shall be selected. For friction parts with large temperature change, lubricating oil with good viscosity temperature performance or lubricating grease with wide temperature range (such as general lithium grease) shall be selected.
damp
In humid working environment or working conditions with more contact with water, lubricating oil and grease with strong demulsibility and good rust prevention performance shall be selected, and sodium base grease shall not be selected.
Friction surface accuracy
The surface is rough, and it is required to use lubricating oil and grease with high viscosity or low cone penetration. On the contrary, lubricating oil and grease with small viscosity or large cone penetration shall be selected.
Friction surface location
On the vertical guide rail and lead screw, the lubricating oil is easy to lose, so the lubricating oil with high viscosity should be selected. Vertical bearings should be lubricated with grease to reduce loss and maintain lubrication.
Lubrication method
In the circulating lubrication system, it is required that the oil change cycle is long and the heat dissipation is fast. The lubricating oil with low viscosity, good foam resistance and oxidation stability should be selected. In the splash and oil mist lubrication system, in order to reduce the oxidation of lubricating oil, lubricating oil with anti oxygen and anti foaming additives shall be selected. In the centralized lubrication system, No. 1 or No. 1 grease with low consistency shall be selected for convenient transportation.
The role of industrial lubricants in various industries
Lubricating oil is used in various types of machinery to reduce friction and protect the liquid lubricant of machinery and processing, mainly for lubrication, cooling, rust prevention, cleaning, sealing and buffering. Lubricating oil accounts for 85% of all lubricating materials. There are many kinds and brands of lubricating oil. At present, the annual consumption in the world is about 40million tons. The general requirements for lubricating oil are:
1. reduce friction and wear, reduce friction resistance to save energy, reduce wear to prolong mechanical life and improve economic benefits;
2. for cooling, the friction heat shall be discharged from the machine at any time;
3. sealing: it is required to prevent leakage, dust and gas leakage;
4. it is required to protect the friction surface from oil deterioration or external erosion;
5. clean and flush. It is required to clean and remove the scale on the friction area;
6. stress dispersion buffer, load dispersion, impact buffer and shock absorption;
7. kinetic energy transmission, hydraulic system, remote control motor, friction stepless speed change, etc.
Note: the above knowledge comes from network excerpts.